Impact of Bullying and Facts on Victims in Elementary Schools

Authors

  • Abdul Ghofur Department of Mental Health Nursing, Health Polytechnic, Yogyakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4954-1604
  • Nunuk Sri Purwanti Department of Public Health Nursing, Health Polytechnic, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  • Jenita Doli Tile Donsu Department of Public Health Nursing, Health Polytechnic, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7817

Keywords:

Elementary school students, Impact of bullying, Psychosocial, Stress

Abstract

Background: Bullying is a serious problem for the mental health development of school-age children. Few studies in Indonesia have reported how the impact of bullying causes children to experience stress and difficulty in building social relationships.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the impact and phenomenon of becoming victims of bullying in elementary schools in Indonesia. 

Methods: This research used a mixed-method approach with a sequential explanatory design. The sampling technique used multistage random sampling. The sample population included 617 elementary school students who are in grades 4, 5, and 6. The quantitative data analysis used structural equation modeling (SEM) while the qualitative data analysis was based on the results of SEM analysis.

Results: The impact of bullying on victims is stressful and symptomatic. The victims revealed they became depressed, had poor performance, had difficulty in socializing, did not dare to report fear of being ostracized, feared they would become the next victim, and was advised by the teacher not to reply, be patient, and just let it go. As a result, the victims complained they felt ugly, ashamed among friends, and reluctant to attend the class. Teachers consider bullying as ordinary delinquency because the victim can recover without help, think it is normal, or it was just a joke so there is no need for special rules.

Conclusion: Bullying of elementary school students has a negative impact on their mental health and causes psychosocial problems. There is a tendency to become repeated victims, while the ambivalence of teachers makes victims more vulnerable to bullying.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Borualogo IS, Gumilang E. Kasus perundungan anak di Jawa Barat: Temuan awal children’s worlds survey di Indonesia. Psympathic J Ilmiah Psikol. 2019;6(1):15-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/psy.v6i1.4439

Huang FL, Lewis C, Cohen DR, Prewett S, Herman K. Bullying involvement, teacher-student relationships, and psychosocial outcomes. Sch Psychol Quart. 2018;33(2):223-34. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000249 PMid:29878821 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000249

Gini G. Associations between bullying behaviour, psychosomatic complaints, emotional and behavioural problems. J Paediatr Child Health. 2008;44(9):492-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01155.x PMid:17608653 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01155.x

Salam A, Suzuki S, Khan H, Shahood T, Zafar A, Shoaib S. Effect of marital status on positive psychological functioning of young adults. Found Univ J Psychol. 2020;4(1):62-85.

Aschbacher K, Mason AE. Eustress, distress, and oxidative stress: Promising pathways for mind-body medicine. In: Oxidative Stress.United States: Academic Press; 2020. p. 583-617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818606-0.00029-8

DuPont-Reyes MJ, Villatoro AP, Phelan JC, Painter K, Link BG. Patterns of aggressive behaviors across mental health in sixth graders. J Interpers Violence. 2018;36(9-10):NP4542-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/088626051879399 PMid:30117354 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518793991

Nelson HJ, Kendall GE, Shields L. Neurological and biological foundations of children’s social and emotional development: An integrated literature review. J School Nurs. 2014;30(4):240-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840513513157 PMid:24257899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840513513157

Wolke D, Lereya S. Long term effects of bullying. Arch Dis Childhood. 2015;100:879-85. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-306667 PMid:25670406 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-306667

Rigby K. Bullying Interventions in Schools: Six Basic Approaches. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p.1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118362648

Bohnenkamp JH, Stephan SH, Bobo N. Supporting student mental health: The role of the school nurse in coordinated school mental health care. Psychol Sch. 2015;52(7):714-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21851

Kub J, Feldman MA. Bullying prevention: A call for collaborative efforts between school nurses and school psychologists. Psychol Sch. 2015;52(7):658-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21853

Waseem M, Paul A, Schwartz G, Pauze D, Eakin P, Barata I, et al. Role of pediatric emergency physicians in identifying bullying. J Emerg Med. 2016;52(2):246-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.07.107 PMid:27693071 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.07.107

Harahap DF, Sjarif DR, Soedjatmiko S, Widodo DP, Tedjasaputra MS. Identification of emotional and behavior problems in obese children using Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and 17-items Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17). Paediatr Indones. 2010;50(1):42-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14238/pi50.1.2010.42-8

Eastman M, Foshee V, Ennett S, Sotres-Alvarez D, Reyes HL, Faris R, et al. Profiles of internalizing and externalizing symptoms associated with bullying victimization. J Adolesc. 2018;65:101-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.03.007 PMid:29573643 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.03.007

Ghofur A, Nurjannah I, Rahmat I. The Cross Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Bully Survey Swearer-Student Version (BYS-S) Indonesian version. Execut Ed. 2020;11(10):229.

Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW, Klar J, Lwanga SK. Adequacy of Sample Size in Health Studies. Chichester: Wiley; 1990.

Kassim MA, Ayu F, Kamu A, Pang NT, Ho CM, Algristian H, et al. Indonesian version of the fear of COVID-19 scale: Validity and reliability. Borneo Epidemiol J. 2020;1(2):124-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51200/bej.v1i2.2755

Chen G, Kong Y, Deater-Deckard K, Zhang W. Bullying victimization heightens cortisol response to psychosocial stress in chinese children. J Abnormal Child Psychol. 2017;46(5):1051-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0366-6 PMid:29196916 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0366-6

Ouellet-Morin I, Odgers CL, Danese A, Bowes L, Shakoor S, Papadopoulos AS, et al. Blunted cortisol responses to stress signal social and behavioral problems among maltreated/bullied 12-year-old children. Biol Psychiatry. 2011;70:1016-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0366-6 PMid:21839988 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.017

Smider NA, Essex MJ, Kalin NH, Buss KA, Klein MH, Davidson RJ, et al. Salivary cortisol as a predictor of socioemotional adjustment during kindergarten: A prospective study. Child Dev. 2002;73:75-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00393 PMid:14717245 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00393

Chen L, Ho SS, Lwin MO. A meta-analysis of factors predicting cyberbullying perpetration and victimization: From the social cognitive and media effects approach. New Media Soc. 2016;18:2-20. http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816634037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816634037

Parris L, Varjas K, Meyers J, Henrich C, Brack J. Coping with bullying: The moderating effects of self-reliance. J Sch Violence. 2019;18(1):62-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2017.1387131

Shannon RA, Bergren MD, Matthews A. Frequent visitors: Somatization in school-age children and implications for school nurses. J School Nurs. 2010;26(3):169-82. http://doi.org/10.1177/1059840509356777 PMid:20065098 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840509356777

Elliott SN, Hwang YS, Wang J. Teachers’ ratings of social skills and problem behaviors as concurrent predictors of students’ bullying behavior. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2019;60:119-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2018.12.005

Feng CX, Waldner C, Cushon J, Davy K, Neudorf C. Suicidal ideation in a community-based sample of elementary school children: A multilevel and spatial analysis. Can J Public Health. 2016;107(1):e100-5. http://doi.org/10.17269/cjph.107.5294 PMid:27348095 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17269/cjph.107.5294

Herkama S, Turunen T, Sandman N, Salmivalli C. Sleeping problems partly mediate the association between victimization and depression among youth. J Child Fam Stud. 2019;28(9):2477-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1249-3

Lee KS, Vaillancourt T. Longitudinal associations among bullying by peers, disordered eating behavior, and symptoms of depression during adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018;75(6):605-12. http://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0284 PMid:29641816 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0284

Wei HS, Hwa HL, Shen AC, Feng JY, Hsieh YP, Huang SC. Physical conditions and special needs as risk factors of peer victimization among school children in Taiwan. J School Nurs. 2017;33(3):223-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840516649237

Whitley J, Smith JD, Vaillancourt T. Promoting mental health literacy among educators: Critical in school-based prevention and intervention. Can J School Psychol. 2013;28(1):56-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0829573512468852

Ortiz J. Latino Students’ Experiences with Bullying Victimization and Internalizing and Externalizing Distress Outcomes: The Role of Family Support Doctoral Dissertation. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University; 2019.

Marengo D, Jungert T, Iotti NO, Settanni M, Thornberg R, Longobardi C. Conflictual student–teacher relationship, emotional and behavioral problems, prosocial behavior, and their associations with bullies, victims, and bullies/victims. Educ Psychol. 2018;38(9):1201-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2018.1481199

Havik T. Bullying victims’ perceptions of classroom interaction. Sch Effectiv Sch Improv. 2017;28(3):350-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2017.1294609

Espelage DL, Polanin JR, Low SK. Teacher and staff perceptions of school environment as predictors of student aggression, victimization, and willingness to intervene in bullying situations. School Psychol Quart. 2014;29(3):287. http://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000072 PMid:25089334 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000072

Kim MD, Hong SC, Jung YE. Factors affecting bullying victimization in school among upper grade of elementary school students in the Jeju area: Focus on depressive symptoms and family-related factors. Anxiety Mood. 2017;13(1):25-31.

Doumas DM, Midgett, A The effects of students’ perceptions of teachers’ antibullying behavior on bullying victimization: Is sense of school belonging a mediator? J Appl Sch Psychol. 2019;35(1):37-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15377903.2018.1479911

Kearney WS, Smith P. Student bullying, teacher protection, and administrator role ambiguity: A multi-level analysis of elementary schools. J Sch Leadership. 2018;28(3):374-400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461802800305

Chaux E, Barrera M, Molano A, Velásquez AM, Castellanos M, Chaparro MP, et al. Classrooms in peace within violent contexts: Field evaluation of Aulas en Paz in Colombia. Prev Sci. 2017;18(7):828-38. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0754-8 PMid:28188476 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0754-8

Charalampous K, Ioannou M, Georgiou S, Stavrinides P. The integrative model of multiple attachment relationships in adolescence: Linkages to bullying and victimization. Int J Dev Sci. 2019;13(1-2):3-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/DEV-180249

Downloads

Published

2022-01-06

How to Cite

1.
Ghofur A, Purwanti NS, Donsu JDT. Impact of Bullying and Facts on Victims in Elementary Schools. Open Access Maced J Med Sci [Internet]. 2022 Jan. 6 [cited 2023 Apr. 2];9(T5):115-20. Available from: https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/article/view/7817